November 13th is the birthday of
writer Robert Louis Stevenson,
born in Edinburgh (1850). His books include Treasure Island (1883), Strange
Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), and Kidnapped (1886).
The inspiration for Treasure Island came
on a rainy day in the Scottish Highlands when Stevenson's stepson was idling
away the time by drawing pictures. He drew a map, and Stevenson saw it and
immediately decided that it was a pirate map — he embellished it and named it
"Treasure Island." Stevenson told his stepson that there was buried
treasure there, and someone had been marooned on the island. His stepson begged
to know the rest of the story, so Stevenson started writing it out — within
three days he had three chapters. He worked with his stepson's input, including
the boy's request that there wouldn't be any girls in the book.
Treasure Island is the
story of young Jim Hawkins, whose parents run an inn in a small English town.
One of their long-term lodgers is a sailor man named Billy Bones, who admits to
Jim that he used to be a crew member for the now-dead pirate Captain Flint.
Bones says that his fellow crew members are hunting him down because they want
something that is in his sea chest. One of them eventually shows up and
presents Bones with the "black spot," the pirate death sentence, and
threatens to return that night; Bones falls dead of shock. Jim and his mother
open his sea chest to collect their back rent, and instead, find the map for
Treasure Island. Jim takes the map to two rich gentlemen, who excitedly
recognize it as the map to the treasure of Captain Flint, and organize an
expedition to go find the treasure.
Unfortunately for the well-intentioned but naïve
gentlemen, they end up hiring all of Captain Flint's pirate crew, plus one
trustworthy captain. So Jim, Captain Smollett, and the gang of pirates — headed
by Long John Silver, the ship's cook, and his parrot known as Captain Flint —
set out for Treasure Island.
Jim overhears the pirates planning a mutiny, and
tells Captain Smollett. On the shores of Treasure Island, they meet yet another
member of Flint's crew, Ben Gunn, who has been marooned there. Both the pirates
and Smollett want to get the treasure and then take hold of the ship; but the
pirates are also plotting against Long John Silver. Jim is trying to
outmaneuver them all and save the day. They finally make it to the treasure,
only to find that it isn't there — Ben Gunn has already found it.
In the end, Jim, Smollett, Ben Gunn, and Long
John Silver head home with the treasure — but Silver ends up stealing some and
escaping into the sunset. Treasure Island ends with Jim as an old man
summing up his adventures: "Oxen and wain-ropes would not bring me back
again to that accursed island; and the worst dreams that ever I have are when I
hear the surf booming about its coasts or start upright in bed with the sharp
voice of Captain Flint still ringing in my ears: 'Pieces of eight! Pieces of
eight!'"
The plot for Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll
and Mr. Hyde came to Stevenson in a dream. He was yelling in his sleep,
and so his wife shook him awake, and he immediately informed her that he wished
she hadn't — he was dreaming part of a story. He wrote and rewrote it in
several weeks while he was in bed with tuberculosis, and when it was published
— just a few months after he had first dreamed it up — it was an immediate
success.
Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde begins:
"Mr. Utterson the lawyer was a man of a rugged countenance, that was never
lighted by a smile; cold, scanty and embarrassed in discourse; backward in
sentiment; lean, long, dusty, dreary, and yet somehow lovable. At friendly
meetings, and when the wine was to his taste, something eminently human
beaconed from his eye; something indeed which never found its way into his
talk, but which spoke not only in these silent symbols of the after-dinner
face, but more often and loudly in the acts of his life."
The story begins with Utterson hearing a
shocking bit of news: that a man named Edward Hyde has assaulted a young girl,
but has paid off her family with a check from a prominent and respected
citizen, Henry Jekyll. The reason for Utterson's shock is that Jekyll is his
friend and client, and he has recently written Mr. Hyde into his will.
When Utterson mentions Hyde to Jekyll, he makes
his friend uncomfortable. For a while, nothing more happens. Then one of
Utterson's clients is murdered, and a maid identifies the murderer as Hyde, but
Hyde has disappeared. Jekyll produces a note from Hyde saying that he is gone
forever. The links between Hyde and Jekyll continue to add up, but Utterson
does not understand the connection. A mutual friend dies and leaves Utterson a
note that the lawyer is not allowed to read until after Dr. Jekyll's death.
Then one day, a servant of Dr. Jekyll's comes to
find Utterson and tells him that his master has disappeared into his
laboratory, and keeps sending the servant on bizarre errands for a drug. The
servant thinks that someone has murdered Jekyll and is hiding in his
laboratory. He and Utterson break in. They find Hyde's dead body, but no trace
of Jekyll.
They do find a note left behind, and Utterson
opens it, along with the one from his friend. He learns the whole story: that,
of course, the respected Dr. Jekyll and the monstrous Mr. Hyde are the same
person. As a young man, Jekyll was fascinated by the thought that both good and
evil exist in every person, and he went to work in his laboratory to figure out
a way to isolate his evil self. At first, the transformation from Jekyll to
Hyde came about with the use of a drug. Eventually, it started to happen spontaneously,
and he could not control it; finally Jekyll could not stand it any longer and
committed suicide. He wasn't sure what would happen to Hyde, but Hyde had died
along with him.
Kidnapped is set
in 1751, the era of the Jacobite uprisings in Scotland. In general, Jacobitism
was the attempt to secure the Stuart kings to the British throne. In the case
of the Scottish highlands, it was mostly an attempt to keep English influence
out and let the clans stay in control, and the Stuarts were more sympathetic to
the clans than King George, from the House of Hanover.
Kidnapped is the story of the
orphaned boy Davie Balfour, who sets off to find his uncle. His uncle is a
sinister drunk ruling over a decrepit estate, the House of Shaws. Davie
realizes that his father was older than his uncle, and that Davie himself is
actually the rightful heir of the estate. He asks his uncle about it, who tries
and fails to have him killed, but succeeds in having him kidnapped. Davie is
put on a ship bound for America, where he will be an indentured servant. The
ship turns around in bad weather, and off the coast of Scotland, it hits
another boat. Everyone on board this second boat is killed except for one man,
a Jacobite rebel named Alan Breck. Davie overhears the crew plotting to kill
Alan, so he and Alan turn on the rest of the crew and fight them off; but the
two are separated trying to get to shore, and Davie ends up in the Scottish
Highlands.
Eventually, Davie reunites with Alan, but it's
at the scene of a crime — one of King George's tax collectors is assassinated,
a man who is also a member of the enemy Campbell clan. Alan is accused, and he
and Davie flee together through the Highlands. They end up in the secret den of
an outlaw Jacobite leader, Cluny Macpherson, one of the many historical figures
sprinkled throughout the novel. They have many more adventures — a duel between
Alan and his arch-nemesis turns into a bagpipe contest; Alan forces Davie to
pretend that he is a dying nobleman to convince a pretty girl to give them a
ride across a river; and in the end, they manage to get Davie's inheritance
back from his uncle, and Alan heads to France to seek refuge from the English.
(From "The Writer's Almanac")
